从车载激光扫描数据中提取复杂建筑物立面的方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨必胜  董震  魏征  方莉娜  李汉武 《测绘学报》2013,42(3):411-417

提出一种从车载激光扫描数据中提取复杂建筑物立面的新方法。该方法首先利用"维数特征"方法确定每个扫描点的最佳邻域,进而计算得到每个扫描点精确的局部几何特征(法向量、主方向、维数特征);然后基于"维数特征"对扫描点进行粗分类,并设置相应的生长准则对不同类别的扫描数据分别进行分割;最后综合建筑物立面的语义知识对建筑物立面区域进行精确提取。试验结果和比较分析表明,本文的方法不但能提取建筑物平面和非平面立面,而且可消除点密度差异(变化)对建筑物立面提取结果的影响,提高建筑物立面提取的正确率和完整性。  相似文献   

Amenity value in post-industrial Chinese cities: the case of Nanjing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hong Hu  Stan Geertman  Pieter Hooimeijer 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):420-439

Many Chinese cities are in a transition from industrial to post-industrial urban economies. In this process of urban restructuring, land use becomes polycentric and fragmented. More sophisticated models are needed to estimate the amenity effects of this complex residential environment. This article assesses the relative housing price effects of neighborhood characteristics and accessibility in Nanjing, China. This is achieved with a hedonic price model that incorporates detailed spatial measures, geographical contingency, and a modified version of Alonso’s (1964) general theory of land rent. A crucial finding is that the effect of job accessibility on house price varies depending upon the specific sector of employment. Accessibility to jobs in the public and private service sectors has strong positive effects. However, housing proximity to heavy industries has a spatially nonlinear effect: negative in close proximity, but positive at a larger distance. Second, when we control for job accessibility, access to public transport has an added positive effect. Finally, neighborhood “quality” (defined in terms of nearby amenities) is also relevant, but far less than access to service employment. This research shows that Nanjing’s housing prices are affected by different residential characteristics than those with dominant price effects in Western cities.  相似文献   

Mutual relationships in neighborhood socioeconomic change     

Elizabeth C. Delmelle  Jean-Claude Thill 《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1215-1237

In this article, we investigate the factors that lead to changes in the socioeconomic complexion of urban neighborhoods along four critical dimensions: crime, youth social distress, home ownership, and economic conditions. We argue that the dynamics of these dimensions are better apprehended simultaneously considering their potential mutual relationships and we propose a cross-lagged panel model approach within a structural equation modeling framework. Neighborhoods in Charlotte, North Carolina, are used as a case study, and change is modeled at several time lags throughout the 2000–2010 decade. Findings indicate that the model performs well and that it offers a very promising avenue for modeling the socioeconomic changes of neighborhoods that accounts for complex longitudinal effects as well as spatial dependencies. Specifically, it shows that lower human capital manifested by a decline in youth indicators is significant in explaining subsequent increases in crime and declines in economic indicators. Also, the predominance of housing stock constructed in the 1950s and 1960s is a significant trigger of declines across all neighborhood indicators. Finally, spatial spillover effects between neighborhoods are found to be short-lived and dissipate after a few years.  相似文献   

“They want to live in the Tremé, but they want it for their ways of living”: gentrification and neighborhood practice in Tremé, New Orleans     

Trushna Parekh 《Urban geography》2013,34(2):201-220

In this study, I deploy an ethnographic approach to analyze the detrimental effects of gentrification on longstanding residents in New Orleans’ Tremé neighborhood. I focus on conflicts between long-established residents and gentrifiers over the use of neighborhood space on a day-to-day basis as a means for examining the consequent changes in neighborhood life. As their neighborhood gentrifies, long-term residents of Tremé must contend with greater policing, the erosion of place-based knowledge, practices, and cultural traditions, the loss of social networks, and the closure of vital neighborhood institutions. These changes in neighborhood life provide a starting point from which to begin to understand the broader effects (beyond displacement) that longstanding residents experience as a result of gentrification.  相似文献   

Long-Term Appreciation of Owner-Occupied Single-Family House Prices in Milwaukee Neighborhoods     

《Urban geography》2013,34(3):212-231

Annual price indices of owner-occupied single-family houses are estimated for 111 neighborhoods in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for the period of 1971-1993 using hedonic price methods controlling for quality differences across housing units. The rates of price appreciation vary significantly from neighborhood to neighborhood. During the 22-year study period, nominal house prices in some neighborhoods increased more than 500%, whereas those in others decreased. In general, the neighborhoods close to each other exhibit similar price movements. In some cases, however, there are sharp differences between the neighborhoods when strong boundaries, such as a river or an expressway, exist between them even though the physical distance between them is small. Poor neighborhoods generally have experienced low appreciation rates, although the racial composition and the crime rate in the neighborhood seem to contribute the differential as well.  相似文献   

Enacting Neighborhood1     

《Urban geography》2013,34(5):361-385

Defining the concept of neighborhood has long been a goal in urban research. In this paper, I trace the various meanings of neighborhood articulated by scholars, from neighborhood-as-community to functional and demographic typologies, to examinations of the effects of residential environments on human behavior. In identifying the myriad meanings of neighborhood, this paper highlights the contingency and flexibility of the concept. I argue that it is precisely because of its blurriness and flexibility that neighborhood has salience: The concept of neighborhood is primarily a social and political product, created through activism, and through research on sociospatial relations. Rather than seeking a fixed definition that can apply to many circumstances, I argue that research on neighborhoods ought to focus on how neighborhoods are produced socially and, in turn, physically, through cooperation and conflict. I apply this framework of enacting neighborhood to a brief case study of neighborhood conflicts in Athens, Georgia.  相似文献   

THE OTHER BURGESS MODEL     

《Urban geography》2013,34(3):261-270

In addition to his famous concentric-zone model of urban form, Ernest W. Burgess in 1929 outlined an altitudinal-zone model. It proposed a positive relationship in “hills cities” between the socioeconomic status of residents and the elevations at which they live. This article suggests a theoretical rationale for this “other Burgess model” based on the role of amenities in contemporary residential choice. Its performance compares favorably to that of competing models in an empirical test in cities selected to approximate as closely as possible the conditions that it assumes. [Key words: amenities, E. W. Burgess, urban form.]  相似文献   

新疆及邻区地震构造图简介   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈军  柏美祥  石广岭 《中国地震研究》2013,27(3):411-426

This paper briefly introduces the Seismotectonic Map of Xinjiang and its neighborhood in the scale of 1∶2500000.The map is amended,supplemented and expanded based of the newly compiled Seismotectonic Map of Xinjiang in scale 1∶1000000.The base map of this seismotectonic map is the geologic map of western China and its neighborhood compiled by Li Tingdong.The abundant new materials from related research,referential literatures and the analyses on remote sensing data were used in the compiling work.A database and relevant documents are built for nearly 300 active faults and 150 active folds.The basic information of the major active faults,especially those near the border areas in this map are introduced in this paper.  相似文献   

New‐Build Development and the Gentrification of Oklahoma City's Deep Deuce Neighborhood     

Adam A. Payne  Alyson L. Greiner 《Geographical review》2019,109(1):108-130

New‐build development has become associated with the phase of gentrification that has taken shape since the mid‐1990s. This article examines the gentrification of Deep Deuce, a historically black neighborhood in Oklahoma City. An analysis of property sales identifies the major external agents involved and leads to a discussion of the area's racial turnover. Considering the relational aspects of place, specifically how the identity of Deep Deuce has been constructed in relation to the nearby area of Bricktown, provides new insights on the nature of changes affecting this neighborhood. Supplementing this with an examination of resistance to the gentrification of Deep Deuce shows how city neighborhoods can come to be defined by limited understandings of place, and how historic preservation efforts can generate symbolic capital and facilitate cultural appropriation. This article also contributes to the study of gentrification in smaller metropolitan areas.  相似文献   

基于邻域设施的中国大城市网络店铺的区位取向——以上海、深圳、天津、北京四城市为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

路紫  李晓楠  杨丽花  杨东  邓丽丽 《地理学报》2011,66(6):813-820

采用一套基于邻域设施的模糊区位取向方法和模糊多属性决策方法,针对中国北京、上海、深圳、天津4 城市淘宝网站6 大商品类别网络店铺的空间集聚情况,通过其所属的完全、重叠、过渡和不完全4 种区位类型,揭示区位取向的倾向性特征和信息时代区位影响因素的变化,并进一步探讨区位取向明显的数码类别商品的网络店铺的最优区位地选择。形成如下认识：①不同商品类别情况下区位取向有很大不同,分散与集聚共同存在。集聚只发生在贵重商品如数码类别商品的网络店铺上,其仍依赖于传统邻域设施;而绝大多数普通商品则相反,几乎不存在重叠区位的布局,已经表现出一种不再遵循传统区位地理论的新的区位取向规律。② 不同商业模式下区位取向不同,c2c 电子商务对其影响更趋向于不同于传统的区位选择,表明c2c 电子商务是网络店铺区位取向影响因素变化的基础。除了旧有的传输网络、货源供给、市场集聚因素外,技术劳动力因素、信任因素渐成主流。③ 利用三角模糊数能计算出基于邻域设施集聚的、区位取向明显的数码类别商品网络店铺的最优区位。选择最优区位是从重叠区位向完全区位过渡的。④ 在电子时代传统的区位理论将得到一定补充或纠正才能全面正确地解释电子服务网点的区位现象。  相似文献